病例英語(yǔ)翻譯
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一、發(fā)燒 Fever
發(fā)燒：become feverish; have a temperature
發(fā)高燒：have a high fever
平常有微熱，有幾次升到38.4度：have low grade (slight) fever to 38.4℃ on a few occasions
沒有發(fā)燒：be afebrile; have no fever
體溫上升 have an elevation of temperature
體溫急速下降：one's fever falls (abates; declines) promptly
體溫似乎是減退了：fever seemed to abate
體溫降到正常：fever dropped (was reduced) to normal
二、睡眠Sleep
非常愛睡：be unusually sleepy
貪睡：be fond of sleep
無法控制的嗜睡：uncontrollable somnolence
易醒：be easily wakened
不能熟睡：sleep is not sound
患失眠癥：have (develop) insomnia
睡眠不足：want(lack) of sleep; insufficient sleep
不易入睡：have trouble getting to sleep
睡眠無多大的障礙：sleep is not greatly disturbed
失眠病人：insomniac
三、疼痛 Pain
感覺疼痛：feel (have; suffer from) a pain; pain is felt in ; feel painful
頭痛：have a headache; be troubled with a headache; feel a pain in one's head
患劇烈頭痛：have a nasty (bad) headache
時(shí)常頭痛：be subject (a martyr) to headaches
有撞擊似的兩側(cè)性頭痛：have bilateral pounding headaches
頭痛逐漸地變?yōu)轭l發(fā)(較不嚴(yán)重)：headaches gradually become more frequent (less severe)
疼痛的種類
恒常(痛)：constant
間歇(痛)：intermittent
偶(痛)：occasional
急性(痛)：acute
鈍麻(痛)，悶(痛)：dull
搏動(dòng)性的：throbbing
抽搐(痛)：tic
抽(痛)：twinge
銳(痛)，急(痛)：sharp
刺(射)痛：stabbing ( shooting) pain
鉆錐(痛)：boring
穿刺(痛)：piercing
竄(痛)：darting
被咬樣的(痛)：gnawing
似裂(痛)：tearing (splitting)
脹(痛)：bursting
刀割樣(痛)：knife like
痙攣(痛)：crampy
拉(痛)：dragging
箍(痛)：girdle like (constricting)
痛得打滾：writhing
極痛的：excruciating
切割的(痛)：lancinating
絞性痛：colic (colicky pain)
劇痛：severe (pungent; intense)
感應(yīng)痛：referred pain
墜痛：bearing down pain
發(fā)生遍身的酸痛：develop diffuse body aching
有劇烈的骨盤痛：have exquisite pelvic pain
牙痛頻發(fā)：continual bouts of toothache
一陣陣劇烈的牙痛：the pangs of a toothache
帶有胸膜炎性狀的右胸痛：right sided pain of a pleuritic character
發(fā)生陣痛性的疼痛：have labor like pains
疼痛再發(fā)
pain reappears (relapses); pain breaks out again; a return of the pain
疼痛放射
pain radiates ( travels) to …; pain radiating from … to …; radiation of the pain to …
疼痛部位
疼痛存在于：the pain is limited to; the pain is located (localized; situated) in (or over) ; there is localized pain in …
遍在痛：generalized (general; extensive; unlocalized) pain
疼痛減輕
疼痛減輕：pain is relieved by , relieve (ease, allay, alleviate, assuage, abate, soothe) the pain,
pains decrease (grow less, go down , fall off)
疼痛減輕了：the pain became lighter
疼痛的嚴(yán)重度減少：the severity of the pain waned
疼痛未停止：the pain did no ease
四、胃腸 Stomach & Bowels
胃
胃不調(diào)：upset stomach
消化不良：have bad (impaired: defective) digestion; suffer from indigestion (dyspepsia)
胃有毛?。篽ave a disordered stomach (stomach disorder); something is wrong with one's stomach.
因過食而傷胃：injure one＇s stomach by overeating oneself
覺食物積滯胃中：feel heavy on the stomach
食物不易消化：lie (sit) heavy on one's stomach
惡心
欲嘔：feel nauseated
有晨吐：have morning sickness
夜吐(飯后惡心)：nocturnal (postprandial) nausea
暈船(車)：be sea (car) sick
有點(diǎn)惡心：have (experience) some nausea
嚴(yán)重的作嘔：have considerable retching
患食欲不振和惡心：be anorexic and nauseated
偶而惡心和嘔吐：develop occasional nausea and vomiting
老是溢酸，感覺腹脹：burp all the time, feel bloated
吐出清凈透明的胃容物：with vomiting of clear gastric contents
嘔吐停了，消失了：vomiting stopped (ceased), cleared
止吐：settle the stomach
打噎：belch (eruct; eructate)
大便
解大便：open (relax; evacuate) the bowel; have a passage
有便意：have a call of nature
發(fā)覺糞便中有很多血：noticed gross blood in one＇s stools
開始一天解8次松的多脂糞便：began to pass 8 loose greasy stools per day
大便檢查
種類：ordinary, dry, hard, loose(soft), large, watery(liquid), formed, formless, frothy, mucous, bloody, ricewater, peasoup, tarry
臭味：odorless, extremely foul, sour, putrid, less offensive in odor, offensive but no excessively foul
顏色：black, tarry, brownishblack, brown, red, green, yellow, lightbrown, greywhite (claycolored)
便秘
便秘：suffer from constipation
慣性便秘：habitual constipation
時(shí)常便秘：be always constipated
有便秘傾向：have a tendency to be constipated
只有灌腸才能緩和嚴(yán)重的便秘：one＇s severe constipation was relieved only by enemas
腹瀉
晨瀉，水瀉，粘液性腹瀉，慢性腹瀉：diarrhea (morning, watery, mucous, dysenteric, chronic)
腹瀉：diarrhea (輕癥 mild,拖延的 protracted, 無法控制的 uncontrolled, 難醫(yī)的intractable)
患腹瀉：suffer from diarrhea; have (an attack of ) diarrhea; have loose bowels
短期的腹瀉發(fā)生了：a brief episode of diarrhea occurred
開始瀉腹(自然消失，于兩天后消失)：diarrhea commenced (spontaneously disappeared, cleared after 2 days)
偶而瀉肚子：have occasional diarrhea
腹瀉厲害，在3—7次之間：diarrhea varied in severity from 3 to 7 B.M.
不得不服藥：be obliged to take physics
腹瀉未因吃脫脂牛奶而轉(zhuǎn)佳：received skim milk without any improvement in the diarrhea
用瀉藥：use a purgative
五、排尿生殖器
尿
colorless,clear,transparent,translucent(semitransparent),opaque, milky(opalescent) cloudy(turbid),
orange, greenish, dirty blue, green, yellow(amber; straw), red, bright red, brown yellow,
dark-brown, brown-dark, light brown, pale yellow, faint pale, clay-colored, patty-colored
排便
micturate; make(pass) water; void; piss
這次住院時(shí)解出一個(gè)結(jié)石：pass a stone on this admission
小便渾濁：one's urine is thick(colored)
解出極渾濁，乳白色的尿：the passage of highly turbid, milky urine
頻尿：frequent urination(micturition)
無法忍受的頻尿：intolerable frequency of urination
終末性血尿：terminal hematuria
終末尿帶有幾滴血：urine terminates with a few drops of blood
排尿痛：micturition pain
解尿時(shí)左腰疼痛：have pain in the left loin on micturition
小便流勢(shì)良好：void with a good stream
尿流細(xì)小：small u
六、呼吸 Resp，咳嗽 Cough，痰 Sputum
呼吸
呼吸困難：breathe hard (with difficulty) ; have difficulty in breathing ( respiration)
呼吸困難：dyspnea (夜間性 nocturnal, 發(fā)作性paroxysmal)
安靜時(shí)(運(yùn)動(dòng)性)呼吸困難：dyspnea at rest (on exertion)
常發(fā)生發(fā)作性夜間呼吸困難：frequent episodes of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
呼吸困難突然厲害起來：have sudden increase in dyspnea
患輕微的運(yùn)動(dòng)性呼吸困難：have some mild exertional dyspnea
患急性呼吸困難：have an acute attack of dyspnea
無呼吸困難：have no respiratory embarrassment
偶有心悸：have occasional palpitations
心悸反復(fù)發(fā)生：have recurrent episodes of palpations
咳嗽
種類：short, sharp, small, dry(hasty), moist, constant, painful, irritable, spasmodic, wheezing, distressed, rasping
咳個(gè)不停：have a fit of coughing; cough oneself into a fit (fits)
患4天干燥發(fā)作性咳嗽：experience a 4day episode of dry paroxysmal cough.
發(fā)生輕度無痰的干咳：develop slight nonproductive cough
有點(diǎn)(很多)咯血：have minimal (massive) hemoptysis.
咯出一點(diǎn)血：cough (expectorate; spit) up (out) a little blood
痰
種類：thin, thick, fetid, serous, frothy, tenacious, viscous,mucous(mucoid),mucopurulent, transparent, seropurulent, rusty
中等量(多量/大量)帶有灰白色痰的咳嗽：moderate amounts (a great deal, large quantities) of grayishwhite sputum
痰涌上咽喉，有酸味：phlegm wells up in the throat and tastes sour
痰堵住嗓子了：phlegm blocked the windpipe
半杯黃色痰：one half cup of yellowish sputum
吐膿性，偶而帶血的痰：produce purulent, occasionally bloodtinged sputum
開始有點(diǎn)咳嗽，并且有約3公撮的血痰：began to have some cough and produced about 3 ml. of bloody sputum.
一點(diǎn)也咳不出痰：do not raise any phlegm at all
咳痰停止了：expectoration ceased
七、神經(jīng)精神系統(tǒng) Neuropsychiatric
神經(jīng)癥狀
一般用語(yǔ)：vertigo, dizziness, dizzy spell, syncope, fainting, sleepy, drowsy, lethargic,
insomnia, hiccough, convulsion, seizure, trembling, involuntary movement, numbness,
weakness, incoordination, clumsiness of motion, tingling, unsteadiness in walking,
difficulty in walking, paresthesia, anesthesia, paralysis, myalgia, thick speech, aphonia
抑郁
一般用語(yǔ)：despondent, gloomy, worried, disgusted, discouraged, scared, fearful, low,
afraid, angry, blue ; cheerful, optimistic, pessimistic, satisfied, stable, fluctuating, hilarious
思考能力
一般用語(yǔ)：think less clearly, decreased speed of thinking,
decreased clarity of thought, flight of ideas, loss of mental vigor , mental apathy
再也不能集中心力：can no longer concentrate
發(fā)覺集中力減退：noted waning powers of concentration
精神異常
一般用語(yǔ)：hallucination, delusion of persecution（被害妄想）,
mental confusion, disorientation, mental aberration, negativism, loss of memory, amnesia, mutism, etc.
老是發(fā)出癡呆、不適當(dāng)?shù)男β暎篺requently exhibit silly inappropriate laughter發(fā)覺個(gè)性顯著變化：a definite personality change is noted
精神失常逐漸厲害起來：have gradually progressive mental deterioration.
發(fā)覺記性障礙有2個(gè)月：noted memory impairment for 2 months.
性癖異常
一般用語(yǔ)：emotional instability, tendency to worry, hot temper, temper outbursts, irritable, shy, fussy, quarrelsome
情緒非常窘迫：be in severe increasing emotional lability
脾氣暴躁：have temper tantrums
深懷自卑感：harborn deep feelings of inferiority
八、食欲 Appetite，體重 Weight
食欲良好
過食：eat too much (to excess ; heavily); overeat; be intemperate in eating
吃得多 (胃口大開地吃)：eat profusely (with a good appetite)
食欲增進(jìn)：one's appetite improved
食欲有節(jié)制(食欲旺盛，貪食不飽)：have a moderate (good, enormous) appetite
無食欲障礙：one's appetite is undisturbed
食不過飽的人：a moderate (spare; light) eater
過飽的人：a heavy (great; hard) eater
食量：capacity for eating
無食欲
無食欲：have no (little) appetite (for food);
lose (have no) relish for one's food; loss (lack) of appetite; loss of interest in food
發(fā)覺（有點(diǎn)）食欲不振：noted (minimal) anorexia
食欲不定（無食欲障礙）：one's appetite is variable (undisturbed)
食欲反復(fù)無常：have a capricious appetite
食欲不佳：have a poor (feeble; weak; delicate) appetite
胃口變得更加不好：became more anorexic
失去平常的食欲：lose one's usual appetite
食欲減退：appetite decreases (reduces; declines; falls off)
吃得少：eat poorly (sparingly) ;take little food; poor food intake
不想吃：be disinclined to eat
取食不規(guī)則：eat irregularly
停吃：cease eating
促進(jìn)食欲：improve (stimulate; sharpen; whet) the appetite
口渴
口渴：be (feel) thirsty
口一直很渴：continue to have excessive thirst
喝大量的水：drink water generously
體重減輕
住院時(shí)體重：admission weight
最高（最低）體重：maximal (minimal) weight
體重減少，但未知多少：weight loss of undetermined amount
通常在夏季體重減輕：usually lose weight in the summer months
體重以驚人的速度減少：lose weight with alarming speed
雖然食量增加，體重卻減輕了6公斤：lost 6 kg. in spite of increased intake of food
病例英語(yǔ)翻譯 http://zhijishop.cn/news.asp?id=1343
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